Perbandingan elemen tanggungjawab pemikiran Immanuel Kant dengan agama Kristian [Comparison between Immanuel Kant’s thought with Christianity on the elements of responsibility]
Keywords:
Responsibility, knowledge, good will, freedom, action, tanggungjawab, pengetahuan, tekad baik, kebebasan, perbuatanAbstract
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who is often labeled as a secular philosopher that anti-Christian. However, there is a research gap on the similarities and differences of Immanuel Kant’s views with the teachings of Christianity itself. Therefore, this study aims to compare Immanuel Kant’s thoughts with the teachings of Christianity in relation to responsibility. With this in view, a qualitative approach centered on a comparative method becomes the backbone of this research methodology. Beginning with the deductive method, the primary data consisting of the works of Immanuel Kant as well as the citation of specific verses in the Bible in relation to the element of responsibility are studied in detail. Thereafter, an analysis is made by comparing the similarities and differences of Immanuel Kant’s thoughts with the Christian perspective on the matter of responsibility. The findings of the study demonstrate that the elements of Immanuel Kant's responsibility namely knowledge, good will, freedom, and action show significant similarities with what is taught in Christianity. What distinguishes Immanuel Kant’s views from Christianity is that Immanuel Kant’s concept of the elements of responsibility is centered on the three principles of Category Imperative, namely universality, humanity and unity while responsibility in Christianity is centered on faith in the Trinity that is God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit. These findings can then be used as a basis to argue that Immanuel Kant was not a secular philosopher who denied the existence of God. Through the findings of this research, it is hoped that a more comprehensive understanding of the concept of responsibility can be conveyed. It is also hoped that this research can enlarge our perspective to see that something that is considered secular is not necessarily in direct conflict with religion. May this constructed conceptual framework be used as a basis to expand future research that compare Immanuel Kant’s view on responsibility with other religions.
[Immanuel Kant merupakan seorang ahli falsafah Jerman yang sering ilabelkan sebagai ahli falsafah sekular yang anti agama Kristian. Namun begitu, masih wujud kelompongan kajian yang mengkaji persamaan dan perbezaan pemikiran Immanuel Kant dengan ajaran agama Kristian itu sendiri. Lantaran itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pemikiran Immanuel Kant dengan ajaran agama Kristian berhubung dengan tanggungjawab. Dengan ini, pendekatan kualitatif yang berpaksikan kaedah perbandingan menjadi tunjang metodologi kajian. Empat objektif kajian iaitu menganalisis elemen tanggungjawab Immanuel Kant, mentafsir ajaran tanggungjawab dalam agama Kristian, membandingkan elemen tanggungjawab Immanuel Kant dan ajaran agama Kristian dan merumuskan sejauh mana Immanuel Kant dikatakan bersifat sekularisme dalam menghujahkan konsep tanggungjawab menjadi arah tuju kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa elemen tanggungjawab Immanuel Kant iaitu pengetahuan, kehendak, kebebasan, dan perbuatan menampakkan persamaan yang ketara dengan apa yang diajar dalam agama Kristian. Apa yang membezakan pandangan Immanuel Kant dengan agama Kristian ialah elemen tanggungjawab Immanuel Kant adalah berpusatkan tiga prinsip Kategorikal Imperatif iaitu kesejagatan, kemanusiaan dan kesatuan manakala tanggungjawab dalam agama Kristian adalah berpaksikan keimanan kepada Triniti iaitu Tuhan Bapa, Tuhan Anak dan Roh Kudus. Hasil dapatan ini seterusnya dijadikan hujahan untuk membuktikan bahawa Immanuel Kant bukan seorang ahli falsafah sekular yang menafikan sama sekali kewujudan Tuhan. Kesemua hasil dapatan kajian disintesiskan untuk membentuk suatu kerangka konseptual yang membandingkan persamaan dan perbezaan pandangan Immanuel Kant dan ajaran agama Kristian berhubung dengan tanggungjawab. Kerangka konseptual yang dibina diharapkan dapat menjadi asas untuk memperlebar kajian-kajian lain yang boleh membandingkan konsep tanggungjawab Immanuel Kant dengan agama lain.]
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