Fostering creative thinking through drama education: teacher perspectives
Keywords:
student creativity, creative thinking, process drama techniques, drama teachers, Sri LankaAbstract
Researchers have long recognized the significance of creative thinking in equipping students with the necessary skills for success in the contemporary world. However, the current approach to teaching drama in Sri Lanka has been deemed obsolete, failing to adequately prepare students to thrive in the globalized era. In response to this concern, a non-randomized control group study was undertaken to investigate the impact of process drama techniques on creativity within secondary school settings. Notably, two teachers from the intervention group were actively engaged in the study and later interviewed to gain deeper insights into their perceptions of employing process drama techniques instead of conventional methods. This article delves into the myriad ways in which drama teachers' pedagogical strategies can effectively enhance creative thinking in their students. Moreover, the study's results offer valuable implications for developing targeted professional learning opportunities for teachers, aiming to foster a comprehensive understanding of creativity and its practical application within the classroom environment. By embracing innovative and experiential approaches like process drama techniques, educators can empower their students to cultivate imaginative thinking, problem-solving abilities, and adaptability - essential skills for navigating the complexities of the modern world.
References
Sedera, U.M. (2016). Educational reforms beyond Kannangara for 21st century. Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara memorial lecture. 27, 1-45. Maharagama, Sri Lanka: National Institute of Education
National Education Commission (2014a). Study on curriculum Development in General Education in Sri Lanka, Research Series 1, 1-33. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: National Education Commission.
UNICEF (2013). Country Study: out of school children in Sri Lanka. Summary Report, Colombo: UNICEF
World Bank (2011a). Transforming school education in Sri Lanka - from cut stones to polished jewels, Colombo, Sri Lanka: World Bank.
World Bank (2011b). Transforming school education as the foundation of a knowledge hub 2011–2015. Colombo, Sri Lanka: World Bank.
World Bank (2017). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/908481507403754670/Annual-Report-2017-WBG.pdf
Perera, S. (2004). Sri Lankan education system as a reflection of society’s ruptures: A conceptual and theoretical exploration. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: National Education Commission
National Education Commission (2014b). Study on evaluation and the assessment system in general education in Sri Lanka. Research Series 3, 1-45. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: National Education Commission.
Global Creativity Index (2015). Retrieved from http://martinprosperity.org/content/the-global-creativity-index-2015/
OECD (2017). Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets: An Assessment of where OECD Countries Stand. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/std/OECD-Measuring-Distance-toSDGTargets.pdf
Araya, D., & Peters, M.A. (Eds). (2010). Education in the creative economy: Knowledge and learning in the age of innovation. NY, NY: Peter Lang.
Davis, S. (2017). Dramatic thinking: identifying and owning our creative process, NJ, Drama Australia Journal, 41, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14452294.2017.1435946
Ewing, R. (2011). The arts and Australian education: Realising potential. Retrieved from: http://research.acer.edu.au/aer/11
Jeffrey, B. (2005) Final report of the creative learning and student perspectives research project (CLASP), a European Commission funded project through the Socrates Programme, Action 6.1, Number 2002—4682/002—001. SO2—61OBGE (Milton Keynes, The Open University). Available online at: http://clasp.open.ac.uk
Sawyer, R. K. (2012). Explaining creativity: The science of human innovation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Jeffrey, B., & Craft, A. (2004). Teaching creatively and teaching for creativity: distinctions and relationships. Educational Studies, 30, 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305569032000159750
Anderson, E. (2016). Learning from an artistically crafted moment: Valuing aesthetic experience in the student teacher’s drama education. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 17, 1-18. Retrieved from http://www.ijea.org/v17n1/
Bowell, P., & Heap, B. S. (2017). Putting process drama into action: The dynamics of practice. NY, NY: Routledge.
Irugalbandara, A.I., & Campbell, M. (2020). A new strategy for Sri Lankan drama education. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 25, 256-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569783.2020.1730173
Irugalbandara, A. I., English, R., Campbell, M. (2021). Classroom space and creative student engagement; A focus on the Sri Lankan drama classroom. World Studies in Education, 21, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.7459/wse/21.2.04
Irugalbandara, A. I. (2020). Investigation of the development of creative thinking and adaptability skills through process drama techniques in junior secondary school students in Sri Lanka. PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203805/
Miller, C., & Saxton, J. (2011). Brian research challengers the curriculum of organised chunks. Drama Australia Journal, 35, 119-132. Retrieved from http://www.dramaaustralia.org.au/assets/files/Miller-Saxton.pdf
Hulse, B. & Owens, A. (2017). Process drama as a tool for teaching modern languages: Supporting the development of creativity and innovation in early professional practice. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 11, 1-14. doi: /10.1080/17501229.2017.1281928
Saunders, J. N. R. (2019). Dramatic Interventions: A multi-site case study analysis of student outcomes in the School Drama program. PhD thesis, The University of Sydney. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21249
Haseman, B. and O’Toole, J. (1987). Dramawise: an Introduction to the elements of drama. Melbourne: Heinemann Educational Books.
Harris, A., & Ammermann, M. (2015). The changing face of creativity in Australian education. Teaching Education, 27, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2015.1077379
Treffinger, D., Young, G., Selby, E. & Shepardson, C. (2002). Assessing Creativity: A guide for educators. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505548.pdf
Craft, A. (2003). The limits to creativity in education: Dilemmas for the educator. British Journal of Educational Studies, 51, 113 –127. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8527.t01-1-00229
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013). Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Springer: London.
Kaufman, J., & Beghetto, R. (2009). Beyond big and little: The four C model of creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013688
Craft, A., (2005). Creativity in Schools - Tensions and Dilemmas. Routledge: London.
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (2012). Retrieved from: https://docs.education.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/acara_budget_statements.pdf
National Advisory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education (NACCCE) (1999). All our futures: creativity, culture and education. Retrieved from: https://sirkenrobinson.com/pdf/allourfutures.pdf
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Ministry of Education (2013). Education first. Sri Lanka: Author
Hattie, J. (2008). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. New York: Routledge. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Reed, M., & Michaud, C. (2010). Goal-driven lesson planning for teaching English to speakers of other languages. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/wheelock/files/2010/11/reed-lesson-driven-planning-intro.pdf
Banaji, S., Cranmer, S., & Perrotta, C. (2010). Expert Perspectives on Creativity and Innovation in European Schools and Teacher Training. Luxembourg: European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Retrieved from: http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC59833_TN.pdf
Brady, R., & Edelman, L. A. (2012). State of Create Global Benchmark Study: Global Benchmark Study on Attitudes and Beliefs about Creativity at Work, School and Home. Retrieved from: https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pdfs/Adobe_State_of_Create_Global_Benchmark_Study.pdf
Bunt, B. (2009). The Nurturing of Creativity in the History Classroom through Teaching Methods—The Views of Teachers and Learners. Yesterday & Today, 4, 107-124. http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/5517
Cheng, V. M. Y. (2004). Developing Physics Learning Activities for Fostering Student Creativity in Hong Kong Context. Asia-Pacific Forum on Learning and Teaching, 5, 1-33. https://www.ied.edu.hk/apfslt/v5_issue2/chengmy/
Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century (2010). Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
National Endowment for the Arts (2010). Art Works for America, Strategic Plan, FY 2012-2016. Retrieved from: https://www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/NEAStrategicPlan2012-2016_0.pdf
P21 (2007). P21’s Framework for 21st Century Learning. http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework
Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2013). Curriculum Design Paper. Version 3.1. Retrieved from: http://www.acara.edu.au/verve/_resources/07_04_Curriculum_Design_Paper_version_3+1_%28June_2012%29.pdf
Edinger, M. J. (2008). An exploratory study of creativity fostering teacher behaviours in secondary classrooms (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). College of William and Mary Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd
Annual Report on Family Health Bureau (2016). Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kNOB0IwEgIVKpP0-J3mC52dan6yY1qDL/view
Lee, B. K., Patall, E. A., Cawthon, S. W., Steingut, R. R. (2015). The effect of drama-based pedagogy on PreK–16 outcomes: A meta-analysis of research from 1985 to 2012. Review of Educational Research, 85, 3-49. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314540477
Lubart, T. I., Barbot, B., & Besancon, M. (2015). Creative potential in educational settings: Its nature, measure, and nurture. Education 3-13, 43, 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2015.1020643
National Council of Teachers of English (2014). Why class size matters today. Retrieved from https://ncte.org/statement/why-class-size-matters/print/
Drama Australia (2009). Working conditions for Teaching and learning in drama. Position paper on working conditions and environmental, health and safety guidelines for teaching and learning in drama in Australian schools. Retrieved from http://www.dramaaustralia.org.au/assets/files/WorkingConditionGuidelinesFINAL%5B1%5D.pdf
Crane, P., Francis, C., and Buckley, J. (2013). Youth alcohol and drug practice guide 3: Practice strategies and interventions. Brisbane. Dovetail.
Kulinna, P. H., Cothran, D. J., & Regualos, R. (2006). Teachers’ Reports of Students’ Misbehavior in Physical Education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 32-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599329
Duffy, G., & Elwood, J. (2013). The perspectives of ‘disengaged ‘students in the 14–19 phase on motivations and barriers to learning within the contexts of institutions and classrooms. London Review of Education, 11, 112-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14748460.2013.799808
Grieve, A. M. (2010). Exploring the characteristics of ‘teachers for excellence’: teachers’ own perceptions. European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(3), 265-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2010.492854
Jaakkola, T., & Watt, A. (2011). Finnish Physical Education Teachers' Self-Reported Use and Perceptions of Mosston and Ashworth's Teaching Styles. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30(3), 248-262. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.30.3.248
Rink, J. E. (2001). Investigating the assumptions of pedagogy. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 20, 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.20.2.112
Edmiston, B. (2000). Drama as ethical education. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 5, 63-84. doi: 10.1080/135697800114203
Edmiston, B. (2013). Transforming teaching and learning with active and dramatic approaches: Engaging students across the curriculum. New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203116531
Published
PDF Downloads: 104