Communication for digital leadership: an exploration to the factors that contribute to low index
Abstract
Digital leadership is important today because leadership development is a key element of sustainability education. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), leaders should deploy resources, be visionary and ethical, and focus on long-term goals without neglecting values and principles. There are nine elements to assess the digital leadership of teachers. One of the crucial elements in digital leadership of teachers is communication. However, previous studies show that communication has a low index in digital leadership compared to the other elements. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors that contribute to a low index of communication in digital leadership. In this paper, a qualitative approach using a semi-structured interview is adopted. The interview protocol consists of basic information about the participants, guidelines for the participants, interview questions, and appreciation for the participants. The interviews were conducted thoroughly, although there was only one interview question. The interviews were conducted online via the Zoom application. The interview participants were selected by using purposive sampling that involved four teachers from primary and secondary schools in Perak, Selangor and Sabah. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed five factors: inefficient use of communication channels, inappropriate attitude of parents, lack of face-to-face communication, inappropriate teaching methods of teachers and limited internet access. The implications of this study point to the possibility of improving the use of communication channels in an efficient way, improving teaching methods so that students can understand what is being taught by teachers, and improving Internet access to increase the frequency of communication and diversify the methods of online communication between teachers and students. Stakeholders, administration and teachers should be more proactive in seeking solutions to overcome these challenges. It is suggested that a further study on communication in digital leadership be conducted, involving teachers from all states and using a quantitative approach and interviews among teachers in all types of Malaysian schools.
Keywords:
Digital leadership, communication, interview, teachers, index
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References
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Saraih, E. F., Wong, S. L., Asimiran, S., & Khambari, M. N. M. (2022). Contemporary Communication Conduit among Exemplar School Principals in Malaysian Schools. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 17(4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-022-00179-x
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Ahumada-Newhart, V., & Eccles, J. S. (2020). A Theoretical and Qualitative Approach to Evaluating Children’s Robot-Mediated Levels of Presence. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 1(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000007
Gascón, J., Solà, C., & Larrea-Killinger, C. (2022). A Qualitative Approach to Food Loss. The Case of the Production of Fruit in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 46(5), 736–757. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2022.2061099
Bekele, W. B., & Ago, F. Y. (2022). Sample Size for Interview in Qualitative Research in Social Sciences: A Guide to Novice Researchers. Research in Educational Policy and Management, 4(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.46303/repam.2022.3
Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S., & Young, T. (2018). Characterising and Justifying Sample Size Sufficiency in Interview-Based Studies: Systematic Analysis of Qualitative Health Research Over a 15-year Period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(148), 1–18.
Cobern, W. W., & Adams, B. A. J. (2020). When Interviewing: How Many is Enough? International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 7(1), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.693217
Jacob, S. A., & Furgerson, S. P. (2012). Writing Interview Protocols and Conducting Interviews: Tips for Students New to the Field of Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 17(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(91)90033-R
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Lochmiller, C. R. (2021). Conducting Thematic Analysis with Qualitative Data. Qualitative Report, 26(6), 2029–2044. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.5008
Jelani, F., & Nordin, N. S. (2019). Barriers to Effective Communication at the Workplace. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 7–18.
Albalawi, H., & Nadeem, M. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Ineffective Formal Communication between Teachers and Students: A Case Study of Mustaqbal University and Jubail University College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. English Language Teaching, 13(3), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n3p68
Musheke, M. M., & Phiri, J. (2021). The Effects of Effective Communication on Organizational Performance Based on the Systems Theory. Open Journal of Business and Management, 9(2), 659–671. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.92034
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Mailabari, H. K. (2014). Assessment of Barriers To Communication In The Nigerian Construction Industry (Master's thesis, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria). Retrieved from https://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/items/82e26ba6-3320-4e2b-9164-21d941328f6f/full
Gamil, Y., & Abdul Rahman, I. (2017). Identification of Causes and Effects of Poor Communication in Construction Industry: A Theoretical Review. Emerging Science Journal, 1(4), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.28991/ijse-01121
Şengönül, T. (2021). The Adverse Role of Poverty in the Socialization Processes in the Family and in the Cognitive Development of Children and School Performance. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 11(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2021.00
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Sénéchal, M., & LeFevre, J. A. (2002). Parental Involvement in the Development of Children’s Reading Skill: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 73(2), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00417
Sylaj, V., & Sylaj, A. K. (2020). Parents and Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Written Communication and Its Impact in the Collaboration Between Them: Problem of Social Study Education. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(1), 104–126.
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Abdul Musid, N., Mohd Matore, M. E., & A. Hamid, A. H. (2024). Communication for digital leadership: an exploration to the factors that contribute to low index . Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(2), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.33306/mjssh/274
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