Penterjemahan karya sastera Melayu oleh institut terjemahan & buku Malaysia [The translation of Malay literary works by institut terjemahan & buku Malaysia]

Abstract

This article documents the publication of Malay literary works translated into foreign languages in Malaysia by the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books from 1993 until 2018. This study uses the translation archeology method by D'hulst to obtain information about (i) translated literary works, (ii) parties involved, (iii) translation funding, (iv) method of translation and (v) function of translated literary works for the audience. The results show that the publication of Malay literary works into foreign languages only started in 2006. The publication of Malay Literature in foreign languages is divided into two categories – National Literature and Children's Literature. Within 25 years, 263 titles have been published in 12 foreign languages. The highest publication titles were translated from Malay into English, with 167 titles. There were 120 translators involved in this publication; 41 were native speakers (L1), while 79 were non-native speakers (L2). The most translated work by a Malaysian writer into foreign languages ​​is A. Samad Said for the National Literature category, while Rahimidin Zahari's work is the most translated for Children's Literature. The publication of Malay literary works into foreign languages was funded by ten international publishers using a cost-sharing strategy that included Germany, Japan, and Taiwan. This study implies that the documentation using this archaeological translation method can provide a complete picture of Malaysia's history, development, and translation activity.

[Makalah ini bertujuan mendokumentasikan penterjemahan sastera bahasa Melayu dalam bahasa asing oleh Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia (ITBM) dari tahun 1993–2018.  Kajian ini memanfaatkan kerangka arkeologi terjemahan oleh D’hulst bagi mendapatkan maklumat tentang (i) jenis penerbitan sastera, (ii) pihak yang terlibat, (iii) pembiayaan terjemahan, (iv) cara terjemahan dilakukan dan (v) fungsi penerbitan terjemahan kepada khalayak. Dapatan menunjukkan sastera Melayu hanya mula diterjemahkan dalam bahasa asing pada tahun 2006. Dalam tempoh 25 tahun, sebanyak 263 judul sastera Melayu telah diterjemahkan dalam 12 bahasa asing. Penerbitan tertinggi adalah daripada bahasa Melayu kepada bahasa Inggeris, iaitu sebanyak 167 judul. Penterjemahan sastera Melayu dalam bahasa asing melibatkan seramai 120 orang penterjemah; 41 orang berstatus penterjemah penutur natif (L1) manakala 79 yang lain ialah penterjemah penutur bukan natif (L2). Usaha menterjemah sastera Melayu dalam bahasa asing juga melibatkan 11 penerbit antarabangsa sebagai rakan kongsi penerbitan. Implikasi kajian memperlihatkan bahawa pendokumentasian berpandukan arkeologi terjemahan dapat memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang sejarah, perkembangan dan aktiviti terjemahan buku di Malaysia.]