Educational and curriculum changes in Sri Lanka: in light of literature
Abstract
The purpose this article is to explore of the current educational practices of Sri Lanka and to review the curriculum changes over the years in the country. To achieve this purpose, a review of literature was conducted in order to reveal the current educational practices and curriculum changes in Sri Lanka. Main findings of the paper were that there were number of significant changes in the educational system time to time, the intended goals of the changes had failed due to the lack of readiness of the stakeholders especially the teachers in the system. The aspects which are discussed in this paper would benefit to the prospective researchers to get to know the educational practices of Sri Lanka and could to compare these aspects with those of their own countries.
Keywords:
Educational practices, Curriculum, Sri Lanka
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References
Department, of Census and Statistics. 2001. Census of Population and Housing 2001. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Department of Census and Statistics, Access online. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Pop_Chra.asp 24.09.2011.
Government, The Demorgratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 1978 (2000). The Constitution of The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Online: http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Introduction.htm Access on 18.11.2011.
De-Mel, Tara. 2007. Stop tinkering with our education. The Sunday Times Online: Vol 42, No 27,Wijeya News Papers Ltd. Colombo.
Little, Angela W. 2010. The politics, Policies, and Progress of basic education in Sri Lanka. Paper read at Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity.
Arunatilake, Nisha. 2006. Education participation in Sri Lanka—Why all are not in school. International Journal of Educational Research 45 (2006) 137–152 45:137-152 Online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883035506001224 Access on 19.11.2011.
Little, Angela W. 1997. The Value of Examination Success in Sri Lanka 1971-1996: the effects of ethnicity, political patronage and youth insurgency, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 4 (1):67-86 Online : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969594970040105, Access on 19.11.2011.
Jayaweera, S. 1989. Extension of educational opportunity—the unfinished task. In the C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Lecture . National Institute of Education 13 October.
Ministry of Education, MOE. 2008. Education For All: Mid Decade Assessment Report Sri Lanka. edited by E. f. A. Unit: Ministry of Education.
NEC, National Education Commission, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, and National Institute of Education. 2009. Workplan for New Education Reforms: Secondary Education. Nugegoda Sri Lanka.
NEC, National Education Commission. 2003. Envisioning Education for Human Development: Proposal for a National Policy Framework on General Education in Sri Lanka. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: National Education Commission.
Perera, W S. 2003. Implementation of Compulsory Education Legislation. National Institute of Education.
Ministry of Education, 2017. School Census Report, 2017, Isurupaya, Retrieved from
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/education/School%20Census%20Report_2017.pdf
Ministry of Education, MOE. 2004. The Development of Education: National Report. Ministry of Education, Online: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/srilanka.pdf Access on 17.11.2011.
National, Education Commission. 2010. Towards a New Education Act for General Education in Sri Lanka.: National Education Commission.
Ginige, Indira Lilamani. 2002. Education Research for Policy and Practice: Secondary Education Reforms in Sri Lanka. Educational Research for Policy and Practice 1:65-77 Online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/n311651205065134/fulltext.pdf
Oulai, Dramane, and Isabel da Costa. 2009. Education budgeting in Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka: Resource management for prioritization and control. UNESCO: International Institute for Educational Planning, Online: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001871/187180e.pdf.
Fernando, T. S., Senadheera, S., Senaratne, G. L. S. & Zoysa, T. S. V. D. 2010. Curriculum Theory and Practice: Module II. Nawala: Faculty of Education, Open University of Sri Lanka.
Sirisena, U.T.I. 1969. Introduction In Education in Ceylon: A hundres year celebraties magazines (Sinhala and Tamil), edited by U. T. I. Srisena. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Education and Cultural affairs.
Fernando, T S, Sylvi Senadheera, G L S Senaratne, and T S V De Zoysa. 2007. Curriculum Theory and Practice: Module II. Nawala: Faculty of Education, Open University of Sri Lanka.
Punch, Laxman. 2001. Resistance Towards the Language of Globalisation – The Case of Sri Lanka. International Review of Education 47 (3-4):361-378 Online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p537713453014426/fulltext.pdf ,Access on 19.11.2011.
Ministry of Education (2013), Education First Sri Lanka, Policy and Planning Branch, Isurupaya
http://moe.gov.lk/english/images/publications/Education_First_SL/Education_First_SL.p df
Lewin, K. 1975. Science Education in Malaysia and Sri Lanka, IDS Discussion Paper no.74.
Ranaweera, A.M. 1976. Integrated science in the junior secondary school in Sri Lanka. In Experiments and innovations in education No 27, An International Bureau of Education series. Paris: UNESCO.
Ariyadasa, K.D. 1976. Management of educational reform in Sri Lanka. In Experiments and Innovations in education 25. Paris: UNESCO.
Peiris, K. 1976. Integrated approach to curriculum development in primary education in Sri Lanka. In Experiments an innovations in education 26. Paris: UNESCO.
Wanasinghe, Jayampati. 1983. The concept of cluster schools and its relevance to educational development in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Educational Development Key Stage ent 3 (3):247-252.
Wanasinghe, Jayampati. 1982. A critical examination of the failure of the junior secondary school curriculum and prevocational studies in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Educational Development 2 (1):61-71.
NEC (1995) Towards a National Education Policy, Colombo, National Education Commission
NEC (1996), National Education Policy: a framework for action on general education, Colombo, National Education Commission
Presidential Task Force on General Education (1997) General Education Reforms, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Wijetunge, Swarna, and Rupasinghe. 2005. The Senior Secondary School Curriculum (Grades 10-13). National Education Commission.
Gunawardena, Chandra, and Dayalatha Lekamge. 2004. Evaluvation of the junior secondary curriculum in selected districts of Kalutara and Ratnapura National Education Commission, Colombo.
Gunawardena, Chandra. 2010 Education for holistic development. Paper read at Annual Academic Sessions of Faculty of Education, 3 Feb 2010, at Open University of Sri Lanka.
Ginige, Indira Lilamani. 2007. Curriculum reforms 2007 to address issues in school education. Daily News: http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/08/22/fea03.asp.
NIE, 2009. Teachers Instrutional Manual- English Subject: Grade 9. Language, Department of English Languages. Maharagama, National Institute of Education.
Gunawerdena, Chandra. 2010 (A). A Study to Examine the Degree of Verticle Integration of the Modernized Curriculum Introduced at Secondary Level (Grade 6-11) since 2007. National Institute of Education.
Gunawardena, Chandra. 2010 (B). A Study to Examine the Degree of Horizontal Integration of the Modernized Curriculum Introduced at Secondary Level (Grade 6-11) since 2007, National Institute of Education.
Perera, G.M.T.N. 2008. An Evaluation of Process of Development and Implementation of the New Curriculum in Grades 6 and 10. National Institute of Education.
Perera, G. M. T. N. 2008. An Evaluation of the Process of Development and Implementation of the New Curriculum in Grades 6 and 10. Maharagama: Department of Research,Faculty of Research and Development,National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka.
Perera, G.M.T.N. 2009. An evaluation of the process of development and implementation of the new curriculum in grades 7 and 11. National Institute of Education.
Sharifah, Puteh Nor, and Fareed Mohamed Nawastheen. 2013. An Evaluation on the Implementation of 5E Instructional Model in Teaching Geography in Sri Lanka. Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research 16 (5):721-728.
Nawastheen, Fareed Mohamed, Sharifah Nor Puteh, and Mohamed Meerah Tamby Subahan. 2014. Teachers’ Levels of Use of the 5E Instructional Model in the Implementation of Curriculum Reforms in Sri Lanka. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology Vol 7(17) P 3561-3570, Maxwell Science Publication
Nawastheen, Fareed Mohamed and Sharifah Nor Puteh. 2016. Teachers’ Innovation Configuration of 5E Model in the Implementation of Competency Based Curriculum Reforms in Sri Lanka. Paper read at The 7th UPSI-UPI International Conference in Education, At Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Government, The Demorgratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. 1978 (2000). The Constitution of The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Online: http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/Introduction.htm Access on 18.11.2011.
De-Mel, Tara. 2007. Stop tinkering with our education. The Sunday Times Online: Vol 42, No 27,Wijeya News Papers Ltd. Colombo.
Little, Angela W. 2010. The politics, Policies, and Progress of basic education in Sri Lanka. Paper read at Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity.
Arunatilake, Nisha. 2006. Education participation in Sri Lanka—Why all are not in school. International Journal of Educational Research 45 (2006) 137–152 45:137-152 Online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883035506001224 Access on 19.11.2011.
Little, Angela W. 1997. The Value of Examination Success in Sri Lanka 1971-1996: the effects of ethnicity, political patronage and youth insurgency, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 4 (1):67-86 Online : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969594970040105, Access on 19.11.2011.
Jayaweera, S. 1989. Extension of educational opportunity—the unfinished task. In the C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Lecture . National Institute of Education 13 October.
Ministry of Education, MOE. 2008. Education For All: Mid Decade Assessment Report Sri Lanka. edited by E. f. A. Unit: Ministry of Education.
NEC, National Education Commission, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, and National Institute of Education. 2009. Workplan for New Education Reforms: Secondary Education. Nugegoda Sri Lanka.
NEC, National Education Commission. 2003. Envisioning Education for Human Development: Proposal for a National Policy Framework on General Education in Sri Lanka. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: National Education Commission.
Perera, W S. 2003. Implementation of Compulsory Education Legislation. National Institute of Education.
Ministry of Education, 2017. School Census Report, 2017, Isurupaya, Retrieved from
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/education/School%20Census%20Report_2017.pdf
Ministry of Education, MOE. 2004. The Development of Education: National Report. Ministry of Education, Online: http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/srilanka.pdf Access on 17.11.2011.
National, Education Commission. 2010. Towards a New Education Act for General Education in Sri Lanka.: National Education Commission.
Ginige, Indira Lilamani. 2002. Education Research for Policy and Practice: Secondary Education Reforms in Sri Lanka. Educational Research for Policy and Practice 1:65-77 Online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/n311651205065134/fulltext.pdf
Oulai, Dramane, and Isabel da Costa. 2009. Education budgeting in Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka: Resource management for prioritization and control. UNESCO: International Institute for Educational Planning, Online: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001871/187180e.pdf.
Fernando, T. S., Senadheera, S., Senaratne, G. L. S. & Zoysa, T. S. V. D. 2010. Curriculum Theory and Practice: Module II. Nawala: Faculty of Education, Open University of Sri Lanka.
Sirisena, U.T.I. 1969. Introduction In Education in Ceylon: A hundres year celebraties magazines (Sinhala and Tamil), edited by U. T. I. Srisena. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Education and Cultural affairs.
Fernando, T S, Sylvi Senadheera, G L S Senaratne, and T S V De Zoysa. 2007. Curriculum Theory and Practice: Module II. Nawala: Faculty of Education, Open University of Sri Lanka.
Punch, Laxman. 2001. Resistance Towards the Language of Globalisation – The Case of Sri Lanka. International Review of Education 47 (3-4):361-378 Online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/p537713453014426/fulltext.pdf ,Access on 19.11.2011.
Ministry of Education (2013), Education First Sri Lanka, Policy and Planning Branch, Isurupaya
http://moe.gov.lk/english/images/publications/Education_First_SL/Education_First_SL.p df
Lewin, K. 1975. Science Education in Malaysia and Sri Lanka, IDS Discussion Paper no.74.
Ranaweera, A.M. 1976. Integrated science in the junior secondary school in Sri Lanka. In Experiments and innovations in education No 27, An International Bureau of Education series. Paris: UNESCO.
Ariyadasa, K.D. 1976. Management of educational reform in Sri Lanka. In Experiments and Innovations in education 25. Paris: UNESCO.
Peiris, K. 1976. Integrated approach to curriculum development in primary education in Sri Lanka. In Experiments an innovations in education 26. Paris: UNESCO.
Wanasinghe, Jayampati. 1983. The concept of cluster schools and its relevance to educational development in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Educational Development Key Stage ent 3 (3):247-252.
Wanasinghe, Jayampati. 1982. A critical examination of the failure of the junior secondary school curriculum and prevocational studies in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Educational Development 2 (1):61-71.
NEC (1995) Towards a National Education Policy, Colombo, National Education Commission
NEC (1996), National Education Policy: a framework for action on general education, Colombo, National Education Commission
Presidential Task Force on General Education (1997) General Education Reforms, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Wijetunge, Swarna, and Rupasinghe. 2005. The Senior Secondary School Curriculum (Grades 10-13). National Education Commission.
Gunawardena, Chandra, and Dayalatha Lekamge. 2004. Evaluvation of the junior secondary curriculum in selected districts of Kalutara and Ratnapura National Education Commission, Colombo.
Gunawardena, Chandra. 2010 Education for holistic development. Paper read at Annual Academic Sessions of Faculty of Education, 3 Feb 2010, at Open University of Sri Lanka.
Ginige, Indira Lilamani. 2007. Curriculum reforms 2007 to address issues in school education. Daily News: http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/08/22/fea03.asp.
NIE, 2009. Teachers Instrutional Manual- English Subject: Grade 9. Language, Department of English Languages. Maharagama, National Institute of Education.
Gunawerdena, Chandra. 2010 (A). A Study to Examine the Degree of Verticle Integration of the Modernized Curriculum Introduced at Secondary Level (Grade 6-11) since 2007. National Institute of Education.
Gunawardena, Chandra. 2010 (B). A Study to Examine the Degree of Horizontal Integration of the Modernized Curriculum Introduced at Secondary Level (Grade 6-11) since 2007, National Institute of Education.
Perera, G.M.T.N. 2008. An Evaluation of Process of Development and Implementation of the New Curriculum in Grades 6 and 10. National Institute of Education.
Perera, G. M. T. N. 2008. An Evaluation of the Process of Development and Implementation of the New Curriculum in Grades 6 and 10. Maharagama: Department of Research,Faculty of Research and Development,National Institute of Education, Sri Lanka.
Perera, G.M.T.N. 2009. An evaluation of the process of development and implementation of the new curriculum in grades 7 and 11. National Institute of Education.
Sharifah, Puteh Nor, and Fareed Mohamed Nawastheen. 2013. An Evaluation on the Implementation of 5E Instructional Model in Teaching Geography in Sri Lanka. Middle- East Journal of Scientific Research 16 (5):721-728.
Nawastheen, Fareed Mohamed, Sharifah Nor Puteh, and Mohamed Meerah Tamby Subahan. 2014. Teachers’ Levels of Use of the 5E Instructional Model in the Implementation of Curriculum Reforms in Sri Lanka. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology Vol 7(17) P 3561-3570, Maxwell Science Publication
Nawastheen, Fareed Mohamed and Sharifah Nor Puteh. 2016. Teachers’ Innovation Configuration of 5E Model in the Implementation of Competency Based Curriculum Reforms in Sri Lanka. Paper read at The 7th UPSI-UPI International Conference in Education, At Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
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Mohamed Nawastheen , F. (2019). Educational and curriculum changes in Sri Lanka: in light of literature. Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 342-361. https://doi.org/10.33306/mjssh/43
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